Markovnikov's Rule in Chemistry

Markovnikov's Rule in Chemistry.

What is markovnikov's rule

Markovnikov's Rule is a principle in organic chemistry that predicts the regioselectivity of some electrophilic addition reactions. Specifically, it states that when an unsymmetrical alkene reacts with a hydrogen halide or a polar protic solvent containing a proton (such as water or alcohol), the positively charged part of the adding molecule will bond to the carbon atom that already has the most hydrogen atoms attached to it, while the negatively charged part will bond to the carbon atom with fewer hydrogen atoms attached.

In simpler terms, the rule states that in the addition of a protic acid to an alkene, the proton will add to the carbon atom with the greater number of hydrogen atoms, while the halide ion (or other negatively charged nucleophile) will add to the carbon atom with fewer hydrogen atoms.

The rule is named after Russian chemist Vladimir Markovnikov, who first proposed it in 1870. The rule has broad implications in organic chemistry and is still widely used today to predict the outcome of many different types of reactions.