Unit-I
Ultraviolet and Visible Spectroscopy:Various electronic transitions (185 -800 nm), Beer-Lambert law,
effect of solvent on electronic transitions, ultraviolet bands for carbonyl compounds, unsaturated
carbonyl compounds, dienes, conjugated polyenes. Fieser-Woodward rules for conjugated dienes and
carbonyl compounds, ultraviolet spectra of aromatic and heterocyclic compounds. Steric effect in
biphenyls.
Infrared Spectroscopy: Instrumentation and sample handling. Characteristic vibrational frequencies of
alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic compounds, alcohols, ethers, phenols and amines. Detailed study of
vibrational frequencies of carbonyl compounds (ketones, aldehydes, esters , amides, acids, anhydrides,
lactones, lactams and conjugated carbonyl compounds). Effect of hydrogen bonding and solvent effect on
vibrational frequencies, overtones, combination bands and Fermi resonance. FT IR, IR of gaseous, solids
and polymeric materials.
Unit-II
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: General introduction and definition, chemic al shift, spin-
spin interaction, shielding mechanism, mechanism of measurement, chemical shift values and correlation
forprotons bonded to carbon (aliphatic, olefinic, aldehydic and aromatic) and other nuclei (alcohols ,
phenols, enols , carboxylic acids , amines, amides & mercapto), complex spin-spin interaction between
two, three, four and five nuclei (first order spectra), spin system-Pople notation, virtual coupling.
Stereochemistry, concept of topicity, effect of enantiomeric and diastereomeric protons, hindered
rotation, Karplus curve -variation of coupling constant with dihedral angle. Fourier transform technique,
Resonance of other nuclei -F, P. Further tools for simplification (chemical and instrumental) to elucidate
structures by NMR - Deuteration, changing solvents, trifluoroacetylation, basification and acidification,
shift reagents, spin decoupling
Unit-III
Mass Spectrometry: Introduction, ion product ion - EI, CI, FD and FAB, factors affecting fragmentation,
ion analysis, ion abundance. Mass spectral fragmentation of organic compounds, common functional
groups, molecular ion peak, metastable peak, Nitrogen rule, molecular weight determination molecular
formula from isotopic ratio data, isotope profile of halogen compounds, factors affecting reaction
pathways, fragmentation pattern - simple cleavage, retro-Diels Alder, Hydrogen transfer rearrangement
like scrambling, ortho effect, McLafferty rearrangement, fragmentation patterns of hydrocarbons,
alcohols, phenols , ethers, aldehydes, ketones, esters, carboxylic acids, amines, nitro, amides, nitriles.
Carbon-13 NMR Spectroscopy: General considerations, chemical shift (aliphatic, olefinic, alkyne,
aromatic, heteroaromatic and carbonyl carbon), coupling constants. Nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE).
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